![]() ![]() Is the comprehension of the of a text and the subsequent production of an text, likewise called a 'translation,' that communicates the same in another language. The text that is translated is called the, and the language that it is translated into is called the target language. The product is sometimes called the target text. Translation, when practiced by relatively individuals but especially when by persons with limited proficiency in one or both languages, involves a risk of of and from the source language into the target language. On the other hand, inter-linguistic spillages have also served the useful purpose of importing and from a source language into a target language that had previously lacked a concept or a convenien t expression for the concept. Translators and interpreters have thus played an important role in the evolution of. *It is now pretty generally agreed, that translating the writings of the ancients is, if not the sole, at least the plainest, the shortest, and the surest means of becoming well acquainted with them and their language. Theories of the Translation Process 147 As a sample of the sometimes unidiomatic English, the ren- dering of Luke 9:17 can scarcely be regarded as good English style: 'And they did eat, and were all filled: and there was taken up that which remained over to them of broken pieces, twelve bas- kets.' It is also agreed, that a translation ought exactly to express the original; that it should neither be too free nor to servile; that it should neither deviate into long circumlocution s, which weaken the ideas, nor adhere to strictly to the letter, which debases the sentiment. ( ) *Good theory is based on information gained from practice. Good practice is based on carefully worked-out theory. The two are interdependent. ( ) The ideal translation will be accurate as to meaning and natural as to the receptor language forms used. An intended audience who is unfamiliar with the source text will readily understand it. The success of a translation is measured by how closely it measures up to these ideals. The ideal translation should be. Communicativ e: expressing all aspects of the meaning in a way that is readily understandab le to the intended audience. Translation is a process based on the theory that it is possible to abstract the meaning of a text from its forms and reproduce that meaning with the very different forms of a second language. Translation, then, consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communica tion situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatica l structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. ( ) In practice, there is considerable variation in the types of translations produced by translators. Some translators work only in two languages and are competent in both. Others work from their first language to their second language, and still others from their second language to their first language. Depending on these matters of language proficiency, the will vary from project to project. This means that the app can be updated without updating the Android operating system, but it also means that you can install the app on old versions of Android. Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Keyboard, Hangouts, Chrome, Google Maps, Drive, YouTube, Keep, Google+, the Google search app—these are all apps that update regularly from Google Play and that you can install on older devices. Update android os via computer. On Apple’s iOS, an update to a system app like Mail, Calendar, Messages, or Safari requires a completely new version of the iOS operating system.
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